This guiding outline is formulated in order to thoroughly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions on education, fully implement the party's education policy, implement the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Strengthening Labor Education in Universities, Primary and Secondary Schools in the New Era", and accelerate the construction of an education system for the comprehensive cultivation of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics, and labor.

1. The nature and basic concept of labor education

(1) The nature of labor education

Labor is the process of creating material and spiritual wealth, and it is a basic social practice unique to human beings. Labor education is to give full play to the educational function of labor and carry out educational activities for students to love labor and love working people. At present, the focus of the implementation of labor education is to organize students to participate in daily life labor, production labor and service labor in a purposeful and planned manner in addition to the systematic study of cultural knowledge, so that students can practice hands-on, sweat hard, accept exercise, temper their will, and cultivate students' correct labor values and good labor quality.

Labor education is the party's new requirement for education in the new era, an important part of the socialist education system with Chinese characteristics, an important part of the all-round development of the education system, and an educational activity that must be carried out in primary and secondary schools. It has a distinct ideological nature, and it is necessary to implement the Marxist concept of labor from beginning to end, emphasizing that labor is the source of all wealth and value, that workers are the masters of the country, and that all labor and laborers should be encouraged and respected. Advocate creating a better life and realizing life dreams through honest labor, and oppose all erroneous ideas of getting rich without work, advocating sudden wealth, and greedy for pleasure. It has a prominent social character, and it is necessary to strengthen the direct connection between school education and social life and production practice, give play to the role of labor as a link between individuals and society, guide students to understand society, and enhance their sense of social responsibility; At the same time, it pays attention to allowing students to learn the division of labor and cooperation, and experience the new type of labor relations of equality and harmony in the socialist society. It has significant practicality, and must be oriented to the real life world and professional world, and guide students to take hands-on practice as the main way, on the basis of understanding the world, obtain positive value experience, learn to build the world, shape themselves, and achieve the purpose of cultivating morality, increasing intelligence, strengthening the body, and cultivating beauty.

(2) The basic concept of labor education

1.Strengthen the concept of labor and carry forward the spirit of labor. The education of labor concept and labor spirit runs through the whole process of talent training, and runs through all aspects of family, school and society. In the process of learning and mastering basic labor knowledge and skills, students should understand the meaning and value of labor, and form the labor spirit of diligence and thrift, struggle, innovation and dedication.

2.Emphasize physical and mental participation, and pay attention to the use of both hands and brains. Grasp the fundamental characteristics of labor education, let students face the real situation of personal life, production and social service tasks, experience the actual labor process, be good at observation and thinking, pay attention to using the knowledge they have learned to solve practical problems, and improve the quality and efficiency of labor.

3.Inherit the fine tradition and highlight the characteristics of the times. While giving full play to the educational function of traditional labor and traditional craft projects, we should keep up with the development of science and technology and industrial transformation, accurately grasp the new changes in labor tools, labor technology and labor forms in the new era, innovate the content, ways and methods of labor education, and enhance the epochal nature of labor education.

4.Play the main role and stimulate innovation and creativity. Pay attention to the experience and perception of students in the process of labor, guide students to feel the hardships of labor and the joy of harvest, and enhance the sense of gain, achievement and honor. On the basis of learning and drawing on the rich experience and skills of others, students are encouraged to try new methods, explore new technologies, break the rigid way of thinking, and bring forth the new.

2. Objectives and content of labor education

(1) Overall objectives

Accurately grasp the requirements of the labor spirit, labor value orientation and labor skill level of socialist builders and successors, comprehensively improve students' labor literacy, and enable students to:

Establish a correct concept of labor. Correctly understand that labor is the fundamental force of human development and social progress, understand the truth that labor creates people, labor creates value, creates wealth, and creates a better life, respect labor, respect ordinary laborers, and firmly establish the ideology that labor is the most glorious, the most noble, the greatest, and the most beautiful.

Have the necessary labor ability. Master the basic labor knowledge and skills, correctly use common labor tools, enhance physical strength, intelligence and creativity, and have the design, operation ability and teamwork ability required to complete certain labor tasks.

Cultivate a positive working spirit. Understand the connotation and significance of "happiness comes from struggle", inherit the fine tradition of diligence and thrift, dedication and dedication of the Chinese nation, and carry forward the spirit of the times of pioneering and innovating and forging ahead.

Develop good working habits and quality. Be able to consciously and voluntarily, conscientiously and responsibly, safely standardize, and unremittingly participate in labor, and form the quality of honesty and trustworthiness, hard-working and hard-working. Cherish the fruits of labor, develop good consumption habits, and eliminate waste.

(2) Main content

It mainly includes knowledge, skills and values in daily life labor, production labor and service labor. The daily life labor education is based on the handling of personal life affairs, combined with the development of the campus patriotic health campaign in the new era, focusing on the cultivation of living ability and good hygiene habits, and establishing a sense of self-reliance and self-improvement. Production and labor education should allow students to directly experience the process of creating material wealth in the process of industrial and agricultural production, experience the development process from simple labor and primitive labor to complex labor and creative labor, learn to use tools, master relevant technologies, feel the value created by labor, enhance the awareness of product quality, and experience the greatness in ordinary labor. Service labor education allows students to use knowledge and skills to provide services to others and society, and to establish a sense of service and practice service skills in service positions. Strengthen the sense of social responsibility in public welfare work and volunteer service.

(3) Requirements for the school period

1.elementary school

Lower grades: Carry out labor education with personal life as the main content, pay attention to cultivating labor awareness and labor safety awareness, so that students can understand that everyone has to work, perceive the joy of labor, and cherish the fruits of labor. Instruct students: (1) Complete the sorting and cleaning of personal belongings, carry out simple household cleaning and garbage classification, etc., establish the awareness of doing their own things, and improve their self-care ability; (2) Participate in appropriate class collective labor, take the initiative to maintain environmental hygiene inside and outside the classroom, etc., and cultivate a sense of collective honor; (3) Carry out simple hand-made, take care of the animals and plants around you, care for life, and love nature.

Middle and senior grades: Carry out labor education with campus labor and family labor as the main content, experience the glory of labor, respect ordinary workers, and initially develop an attitude of loving labor and life. Instruct students: (1) Participate in household cleaning, storage and organization, make simple home-cooked meals, etc., learn 1-2 life skills every year, enhance self-care ability and awareness of thrift, and cultivate a sense of family responsibility; (2) Participate in campus sanitation and cleaning, garbage classification and disposal, greening and beautification, etc., and appropriately participate in public welfare work such as community environmental protection and public health, so as to enhance public service awareness; (3) Initially experience simple production labor such as planting, breeding, and handicraft, initially learn to work together with others, understand that daily necessities and food are not easy to come by, and cherish the fruits of labor.

2.junior high school

Taking into account the study of home economics, production labor inside and outside the school, and service labor, arrange the content of labor education, carry out vocational enlightenment education, experience that labor creates a better life, develop a conscientious and responsible, hard-working labor quality and safety awareness, and enhance the awareness of public service and the spirit of responsibility. Let students: (1) undertake a certain amount of daily cleaning, cooking, home beautification and other labor at home, further cultivate self-care ability and habits, and enhance the sense of family responsibility; (2) Regularly carry out the cleaning and beautification of the campus area, as well as service labor such as helping the disabled, respecting the elderly, and helping the weak, and initially form a responsible attitude towards the school and the community and a sense of social morality; (3) Appropriately experience the labor and traditional craft production process including metalworking, carpentry, electrician, pottery, cloth art and other projects, try simple repairs of household appliances, furniture and electrical appliances, participate in production activities such as planting and breeding, learn related technologies, obtain preliminary career experience, and form a preliminary sense of career planning.

3.Regular high school

Focus on enriching the professional experience, carry out service labor and production labor, understand the value created by labor, accept training, temper the will, and have the sense of labor self-reliance and the feeling of actively serving others and serving the society. Instruct students: (1) Continue to carry out daily life work, enhance self-care ability, and solidify good working habits; (2) Choose service positions, experience the real job work process, obtain real career experience, and cultivate career interest; Actively participate in large-scale events, community construction, environmental protection and other public welfare activities and volunteer services, and strengthen the awareness of social responsibility and dedication; (3) Coordinate the relevant content of labor education and general technology courses, independently select 1-2 production labors from industry, agriculture, modern service industry and Chinese excellent traditional cultural characteristic projects, experience a complete practical process, improve the ability of creative materialization, develop the quality of hard-working and excellence, and enhance the awareness and ability of career planning.

4.Vocational colleges

Focus on combining professional characteristics, enhance the sense of professional honor and responsibility, improve the level of professional labor skills, and cultivate a positive labor spirit and a serious and responsible labor attitude. Organize students to: (1) continue to carry out daily life work, self-manage life, and improve the awareness and ability of labor self-reliance and self-reliance; (2) Regularly carry out public welfare service work inside and outside the school, do a good job in maintaining the campus environmental order, use professional skills to provide relevant public welfare services for the society and others, cultivate social morality, and cultivate patriotism and love for the people; (3) Relying on internship and training, participate in real production labor and service labor, enhance professional identity and labor pride, enhance the ability of creative materialization, cultivate the craftsman spirit of continuous exploration, excellence, and the pursuit of excellence and the labor attitude of dedication, and firmly believe that "three hundred and sixty lines, the line is the champion", and realize that labor does not distinguish between high and low, and any profession is glorious and can be brilliant.

5.Ordinary higher education institutions

Strengthen the education of the Marxist concept of labor, pay attention to innovation and entrepreneurship, combine disciplines and specialties to carry out production labor and service labor, accumulate professional experience, cultivate creative labor ability and honest and trustworthy legal labor consciousness. To enable students to: (1) master the general knowledge of labor science, deeply understand the Marxist concept of labor and socialist labor relations, establish a correct concept of employment and entrepreneurship, and have the spirit of struggle to work in difficult areas and industries; (2) Consolidate good daily living and labor habits, consciously do a good job in dormitory hygiene and cleaning, handle personal life affairs independently, actively participate in work-study activities, and improve labor self-reliance and self-improvement ability; (3) Strengthen service labor, consciously participate in the sanitation and cleaning, greening and beautification and management services of classrooms, canteens and campus places, and carry out service labor in combination with social practice activities such as "Three Branches and One Support", "College Students' Volunteer Service in the Western Region", "Youth Red Dream Building Journey" and "Three Rural Villages", and strengthen the awareness of public service and the dedication to take the initiative in the face of major epidemics, disasters and other crises; (4) Pay attention to production and labor training, actively participate in internship training, professional services and innovation and entrepreneurship activities, attach importance to the application of new knowledge, new technologies, new processes and new methods, improve the ability to find problems and creatively solve problems in production practice, and create valuable materialized labor results in the process of hands-on practice.

3. Labor education approaches, key links and evaluations

(1) Labor education channels

Incorporate labor education into the whole process of personnel training, and enrich and expand the implementation channels of labor education.

1.Independently set up compulsory courses for labor education

Compulsory courses on labor education have been set up in primary and secondary schools. Labor education classes in primary and secondary schools shall have an average of no less than 1 class hour per week, which shall be used for activity planning, skill guidance, practice and practice, summary and exchange, etc., and shall be necessary to coordinate with general technology and local curricula, school-based curricula and other related content. Vocational colleges offer compulsory courses on labor special education, with no less than 16 class hours; It is mainly designed around the spirit of labor, the spirit of model workers, the spirit of craftsmen, labor organization, labor safety and labor regulations. Ordinary institutions of higher learning should include labor education in the training program for professional talents, clarify the main courses to rely on, and may set up a special labor education module in the existing curriculum, and may also set up special compulsory courses for labor education, with no less than 32 class hours at the undergraduate level; The course content should strengthen the education of the Marxist concept of labor, popularize the general knowledge of labor science closely related to the career development of students, and experience the necessary practical experience.

2.Organically infiltrate labor education in disciplines and specializations

Subjects such as ethics and the rule of law (ideology and politics), language, history, and art in primary and secondary schools should focus on incorporating the Marxist outlook on labor, such as labor creating people, labor creating history, labor creating the world, and labor making no distinction between high and low, and include selected texts and materials that praise model workers and ordinary laborers, and include content that explains the fine traditions of the Chinese nation, such as diligence, thrift, and hard work, and strengthen education in students' hard work, honest work, and lawful labor. Mathematics, science, geography, technology, physical education and health and other disciplines should pay attention to cultivating students' scientific attitude, normative awareness, efficiency concept and innovative spirit of labor.

Vocational colleges and universities should fully integrate labor education into public basic courses, and strengthen education on the Marxist concept of labor, labor safety, and labor laws and regulations. While teaching vocational labor knowledge and skills, the professional course pays attention to cultivating the professionalism of "doing one line and loving one line", and the hard-working, united and cooperative, rigorous and meticulous work attitude.

Ordinary institutions of higher learning should organically incorporate labor education into professional education, innovation and entrepreneurship education, continuously deepen the integration of industry and education, strengthen the requirements of labor training, strengthen the close coordination between colleges and universities and industry backbone enterprises, high-tech enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the reform of talent training models. Professional courses are mainly combined with service learning, internship training, scientific experiments, social practice, graduation projects, etc. to carry out various labor practices, focusing on analyzing the development trend of relevant labor forms and strengthening the cultivation of labor quality. In the compulsory public courses, it is necessary to further strengthen the education on the Marxist outlook on labor and the education on labor-related laws, regulations, and policies.

3.Arrange labor practice in extracurricular and extracurricular activities

Labor education is organically combined with students' personal, campus and social life to enrich labor experience, improve labor ability, and deepen the understanding of labor value.

Weekly extracurricular activities and working time in family life in primary and secondary schools, not less than 2 hours in grades 1 to 2 of primary school, and no less than 3 hours in other grades; Vocational schools and ordinary schools of higher learning should clarify the labor matters and time in their daily lives, and include them in the daily management of students.

Universities, primary and secondary schools set up labor weeks every school year, which are carried out in the form of special lectures, keynote speeches, labor skills competitions, labor achievement displays, and labor project practices. Primary schools are mainly in-school, and some off-campus labor may be appropriately arranged in the upper grades of primary schools; Ordinary middle schools, vocational schools, and ordinary schools of higher learning may be arranged both inside and outside the school year or during the winter and summer vacations, with collective labor as the mainstay, and the school shall organize and implement them. Institutions of higher learning may also arrange labor months to implement the requirements of the working week for each academic year.

4.Strengthen labor culture in the construction of campus culture

Schools should integrate the education on the cultivation of labor habits and labor quality into the construction of campus culture. It is necessary to carry out rich labor-themed education activities through the formulation of labor conventions, daily labor routines, and semester labor task lists, and the adoption of interest groups, associations, and other organizational forms related to labor education, combined with Arbor Day, Lei Feng Memorial Day, May Day, Farmers' Harvest Festival, Volunteer Day, etc., so as to create a glorious labor and create a great campus culture.

It is necessary to hold "Model Worker Lecture Hall", "Great Country Craftsmen Enter the Campus", Outstanding Graduates Report and other labor role model activities on campus, organize labor skills and labor achievements display, and comprehensively use lectures, propaganda columns, new media, etc., to widely publicize the deeds of labor role models, especially the deeds of ordinary workers around them, so that teachers and students can get close to the model workers on campus, listen to the stories of model workers, observe exquisite skills, feel and understand the spirit of diligence and dedication, and strive to be strivers in the new era.

(2) Key links in labor education

All localities and schools should pay attention to centering on the objectives and content requirements of labor education, proceed from improving the results of labor education, grasp the characteristics of labor education tasks, grasp the key links, and choose appropriate labor education methods.

1.Explainer instructions. Focusing on the why and what labor is, it will be explained in a focused way, so that students can understand the meaning and value of labor. Strengthen the positive guidance of labor concepts, labor discipline, and labor-related laws and regulations, point out the harm of despising labor, especially ordinary labor, and let students distinguish between right and wrong. Strengthen the explanation of labor knowledge and skills, so that students can recognize the facts, master the basic principles, procedures and rules of practical operation, and the methods and techniques of correct use of tools. Explanations should be combined with thought-provoking, demonstrations, exercises, etc.

2.Quenching operation. Focusing on the problem of how to do it, we pay attention to demonstration and practice, so that students can work. Strengthen the sense of norms, pay attention to starting from the most basic procedures, strictly abide by the rules, and avoid subjective arbitrariness. Strengthen quality awareness, pay attention to guiding students to pay attention to details, and each step and link must be accurate and in place. Strengthen the quality of focus, pay attention to guiding students to evaluate and monitor operational behaviors, so that they can see from eye to hand to heart, from beginning to end.

3.Project Practice. Focusing on the cultivation of labor ability, students can complete real and comprehensive tasks and experience a complete labor process. Pay attention to the recognition of labor value, guide students to find needs from real life, choose and determine labor projects. Strengthen the awareness of planning and design, give full play to students' initiative, enthusiasm and creativity, guide students to carry out the overall conception of project practice, comprehensively use the knowledge and technology they have learned, and continuously optimize the action plan. Strengthen physical practice, temper the quality of will, and dare to complete the action task in the face of difficulties and challenges.

4.Reflective communication. Focusing on the construction of the meaning of labor value, guide students to summarize and communicate, and promote students to form reflective and communication habits. Instruct students to think about the relationship between the labor process and results and social progress and individual growth, and avoid staying at the simple experience of bitterness and happiness. Organize students to exchange and share the experience and harvest of labor, affirm positive understanding, and correct conceptual deviations. Combine reflection and communication with improvement to enable students to grow in their work.

5.Inspire by example. Focusing on the spiritual pursuit of labor, establish a model and stimulate labor enthusiasm. Pay attention to the selection and establishment of various types of role models, not only craftsmen and model workers of great countries, but also ordinary laborers and classmates with excellent labor performance around them. Instruct students to understand their noble spirit and good qualities from the concrete deeds of role models. Students are clearly required to strive to be on par with role models in their daily work practice.

(3) Evaluation of labor education

Labor literacy should be included in the comprehensive quality evaluation system of students. On the basis of the objectives and content requirements of labor education, combine process evaluation and outcome evaluation, improve and improve the standards, procedures and methods for the evaluation of students' labor literacy, encourage and support all localities to use modern information technology means such as big data, cloud platforms, and the Internet of Things to carry out monitoring and factual evaluation of the labor education process, and give full play to the educational orientation and feedback improvement functions of evaluation.

1.Usual performance evaluation

    It is necessary to conduct timely evaluation in the practice of labor education in ordinary times, so as to promote the development of students through evaluation. It is necessary to cover all types of labor education activities, and clarify the assessment requirements such as the type, frequency, and time of labor practice in the school year. Pay attention to the actual performance of students in labor education activities, and pay attention to analyzing and grasping the formation of labor concepts from behavioral performance. Self-evaluation is the mainstay, supplemented by other evaluation methods such as teachers, peers, parents, service users, and employers, to guide students to reflect and improve. It is necessary to guide students to truthfully record the situation of labor education activities, collect and sort out relevant products and works, and select representative realistic records and include them in the comprehensive quality file, as an important reference for students' academic year evaluation.

2.Comprehensive evaluation of the school section

At the end of the semester, according to the objectives and content of the semester, combined with the analysis of comprehensive quality files, taking into account the study of compulsory courses and extracurricular labor practice, the development of labor literacy, such as labor concept, labor ability, labor spirit, labor habits and quality, should be comprehensively evaluated. Establish mechanisms for creditworthiness, implement a system of spot checks on realistic records, and veto those who commit fraud in the selection of winners, and if the nature is serious, it should be severely dealt with in accordance with laws and regulations. Volunteer star certification in high schools and colleges. High schools and institutions of higher learning should use the results of the assessment as one of the bases for graduation. Promote the use of the results of the comprehensive evaluation of the school period as an important reference for students' further education and employment.

3.Carry out monitoring of students' labor literacy

The monitoring of students' labor literacy should be included in the monitoring of the quality of basic education, the evaluation of the teaching quality of vocational colleges, and the evaluation of the teaching quality of undergraduate students in ordinary colleges and universities. Relevant professional institutions may be entrusted to regularly organize and carry out surveys on the status of students' labor literacy, and pay attention to the monitoring of students' labor concepts, labor ability, labor spirit, labor habits and quality. Give full play to the functions of demonstration and guidance, feedback and improvement of monitoring results.

4. Planning and implementation of labor education in schools

(1) Overall planning for labor education

The school is the main body of labor education, and should carry out overall design and systematic planning for labor education in accordance with relevant national regulations and in combination with the actual situation of the local area and the school, and form an overall implementation plan for labor education. The plan should clarify the content of labor education objectives, class time arrangements, arrangements for major labor practice activities, organization and guidance of labor education processes, and assessment and evaluation methods. At the same time, based on the characteristics of the students' years and the requirements of the phased education, it is necessary to study and formulate the "school labor education plan for the school year (or semester)", and make specific arrangements for the practice of labor education in the school year and semester, especially to plan the labor week and other concentrated labor, and refine the relevant requirements. The overall implementation plan and the school year (or semester) activity plan are matched and connected with each other to form a sustainable labor education implementation plan.

Schools should pay attention to the following aspects when planning labor education:

1.The relationship between theoretical study and practical exercise

Theoretical study and practical training are both necessary contents of labor education. Theoretical study focuses on enabling students to understand and grasp the basic theoretical propositions of historical materialism, such as "labor creates man himself" and "labor creates the world", as well as labor-related laws, regulations, and policies, as a guide for action. Practical training focuses on transforming the knowledge learned into truly useful practical skills, forming good working habits, and promoting the spirit of labor. When planning labor education, it is necessary to take into account both, persist in giving priority to practical training, and earnestly ensure that every student has the necessary experience in labor practice. It is necessary to deepen students' understanding of relevant ideological theories, laws and regulations, and policies through planning and conception before practice, observation and thinking in practice, and reflection and exchange after practice, so as to realize the unity of theoretical study and practical training.

2.The relationship between labor education and other educational activities

At the same time as the compulsory courses of specialized labor education are fully opened, the overlapping parts of social service, design and production, and vocational experience in the practice of compulsory courses of labor education in primary and secondary schools and comprehensive practical activities can be integrated and implemented. The production and service labor of students in the labor education of vocational colleges and ordinary colleges and universities can be completed through professional internships, practical training, innovation and entrepreneurship and other practical links, and daily life labor can be implemented through student management.

3.The relationship between the traditional and the new forms of labor

Labor education in daily life runs through primary and secondary schools. When arranging production labor and service labor projects, primary and secondary schools should focus on the use of traditional tools and traditional crafts, guide students to experience the hardships and wisdom of working people, inherit the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and take into account the use of new knowledge, new technologies, new processes, and new methods. Vocational colleges and ordinary institutions of higher learning should pay attention to the combination of new forms of industry and new forms of labor, select modern agriculture, industry, and service industry projects, and enhance the ability of creative labor.

(2) Organization and implementation of labor education

1.Implementing agencies and personnel

Schools should establish and improve a working mechanism for the organization and implementation of labor education. Clarify the leaders of the school in charge, set up institutions or clarify relevant departments responsible for the planning and design, organization and coordination, resource integration, teacher training, process management, summary and evaluation of labor education, etc.

It is necessary to establish a contingent of labor education teachers who combine full-time and part-time jobs. According to the needs of labor education in schools, clarify the persons responsible for labor education, carry out labor education planning, organization and implementation, evaluation, etc., and allocate teachers for compulsory labor education courses to maintain the relative stability of the teaching force. It is necessary to give full play to the role of teaching staff, especially class teachers, counselors, and tutors, and make use of the strength of the Young Pioneers, the Communist Youth League, party organizations, student organizations, and other aspects to jointly carry out labor education practice activities. Make full use of parents and local human resources, and hire professionals in relevant industries to serve as labor practice instructors.

2.Prevention and management of labor safety risks

Schools should take labor safety education and management as a necessary part of the organization, strengthen labor safety awareness, and establish and improve a labor safety security system that attaches equal importance to safety education and management.

According to the physical and mental development of students, the labor intensity and duration should be appropriately arranged, and the suitability of labor tasks and places and facilities should be earnestly concerned. Scientifically assess the safety risks of labor practice activities, and earnestly investigate and remove various hidden dangers in students' labor practice. Formulate safe and scientific operation specifications in the selection of site facilities, material selection, use of tools and equipment and protective equipment, activity processes, etc., strengthen the management of each position in the labor process, clarify the responsibilities of all parties, and prevent problems before they occur. Formulate risk prevention and control plans for labor practice activities, and improve emergency response and accident handling mechanisms. Special attention should be paid to hidden health hazards in the labor process, and corresponding measures should be taken in accordance with the relevant provisions of the disease control and health departments and the industry to effectively protect the physical and mental health of students. Encourage the purchase of labor education-related insurance.

3.Establish a collaborative implementation mechanism

Primary and secondary schools should promote the establishment of a school-led, family-based, and community-based collaborative implementation mechanism to form a joint force for co-education. Schools should guide parents to establish a correct outlook on labor through parent-teacher meetings, parent schools, community publicity, online media, and other channels; Clarify parents' responsibilities for labor education, and let parents take the initiative to guide and supervise their children to complete family and community labor tasks; Schools should work with relevant social practice bases to develop and implement labor education courses.

Vocational colleges and ordinary institutions of higher learning should establish a labor education implementation mechanism in which the school is responsible for planning and designing, the industry, enterprise, and social institutions are mainly responsible for business guidance, and the two sides jointly manage it. Through the establishment of model worker studios, skill master studios, and the establishment of honorary teachers, practical tutor positions, etc., social forces are introduced to participate in school labor education through multiple channels. It is necessary to unite social forces to jointly build and share stable labor practice bases, off-campus internship and training bases, various types of innovation and entrepreneurship incubation platforms, and expand labor practice sites through multiple channels.

5. Guarantee of labor education conditions and professional support

Local education administrative departments should earnestly strengthen the organization and leadership of labor education, clarify the responsibilities and tasks of institutions and personnel to promote labor education in the region, and earnestly strengthen the guarantee of conditions, professional support, supervision and evaluation, and improve the quality and level of labor education in primary and secondary schools as a whole.

(1) Condition construction

1.Enriching and expanding the place of labor practice

Local administrative departments for education should make overall plans and allocate resources for labor education practices to meet the diverse labor practice needs of schools. Make full use of existing comprehensive practice bases, venues for youth extracurricular activities, vocational schools and labor practice sites in ordinary colleges and universities, establish and improve open and sharing mechanisms, especially make full use of vocational training and practice sites, facilities and equipment, to provide needed services for ordinary primary and secondary schools and ordinary institutions of higher learning. A number of land, forests, grasslands, etc. can be arranged as the practice base for learning and agriculture, a number of factories and mining enterprises can be confirmed as the practice base for learning and work, and a number of urban and rural communities, welfare institutions, hospitals, museums, science and technology museums, libraries and other public institutions, social institutions, and public places can be identified as service labor bases. Promote schools to make full use of on-campus learning and living places, and gradually build complete labor technology practice classrooms and training bases, and enrich labor education resources.

2.Strengthen the construction of the teaching staff

It is necessary to clarify the requirements for the management of labor class teachers, and ensure that labor class teachers enjoy the same treatment as other full-time teachers in terms of performance evaluation, professional title evaluation, evaluation and evaluation, and professional development. Promote the establishment of teacher exchange and sharing mechanisms between primary and secondary schools, vocational schools, and ordinary schools of higher learning, give full play to the professional advantages of teachers in vocational schools, and undertake the teaching tasks of labor education in ordinary schools. Establish a system of special appointment for labor class teachers, and create conditions for schools to hire social professional and technical personnel with practical experience, model workers, etc., as part-time teachers.

Institutions of higher learning should strengthen the training of labor education teachers, and colleges and universities with the capacity should set up majors related to labor education. Labor education should be included in the training of educational administrative cadres, principals, teachers, and counselors, and all staff should be trained to strengthen labor awareness and concepts, and enhance the consciousness of labor education. Carry out special training for teachers who undertake labor education courses to improve the awareness and professional level of labor education.

3.Improve the funding mechanism

All localities should coordinate the central government's subsidy funds and their own financial resources, raise funds in various forms, speed up the construction of on-campus labor education sites and off-campus labor education practice bases, strengthen the construction of school labor education facilities, and establish a mechanism for supplementing school labor education equipment and consumables. Schools may, in accordance with regulations, make overall arrangements for public funds and other funds to carry out labor education, and may adopt the method of government procurement of services to attract social forces to provide labor education services.

(2) Strengthen professional research and guidance

1.Strengthen research and guidance on labor education

Support labor education research in the National Education Science Planning and the Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Science Research Project. Local education administrative departments encourage and support relevant institutions to set up labor education research projects. Set up a number of pilot areas or experimental schools, focusing on carrying out follow-up research and action research. Hold forums and lectures to create a good academic atmosphere.

Teaching and research institutions in primary and secondary schools at all levels should be equipped with labor education teaching and researchers, organize and carry out special teaching and research, regional teaching and research, and network teaching and research, and improve the overall implementation level of labor education through collaborative innovation, inter-school linkage, and regional promotion. Institutions of higher learning are encouraged to rely on relevant professional institutions to carry out labor education teaching and research.

2.Organize and carry out research and development of labor education curriculum resources

Based on the actual needs of labor education and teaching, the provincial education administrative department clarifies the requirements for the compilation of labor practice guidance manuals for primary and secondary schools, embodies "one outline and multiple books", meets the diverse needs of schools in different regions, and is responsible for organizing the review. Vocational colleges may organize the compilation of special books on the spirit of labor, the spirit of model workers, and the spirit of craftsmen, which shall be reviewed by the writing schools or entrusted professional institutions. Schools, academic groups, professional institutions, etc., are encouraged to collect and sort out film and television materials that reflect the deeds and spirit of advanced labor figures, organize research and development of digital resources that display labor processes and labor safety requirements, sort out and select typical cases and fresh experiences from the front line of teaching, and form a labor education curriculum resource package divided into sections and topics, and promote the sharing and use of high-quality resources.

(3) Supervision, evaluation and incentives

1.Strengthen supervision of the implementation of labor education in schools

Incorporate labor education into the education supervision system, and improve supervision methods. Supervise and guide local people's governments at all levels and relevant departments in ensuring labor education. Supervise and guide the opening rate of school labor education, the orderliness of students' labor practice organization, the pertinence of teaching guidance, and the effectiveness of safeguard measures. The results of supervision should be disclosed to the public, as an important indicator to measure the quality and level of regional education, and as the basis for evaluating rewards and punishments for the supervised departments and schools and their principal responsible persons.

2.Establish and improve the incentive mechanism for labor education

In the national and provincial teaching achievement awards, labor education teaching achievements are included in the scope of awards, and outstanding achievements are rewarded. Rely on relevant professional organizations, teaching and research institutions, etc., to carry out labor education experience exchange and achievement display activities, and stimulate the potential and motivation of teachers to practice innovation. Actively coordinate with the news media to disseminate the glorious ideas of labor and create great ideas, and vigorously publicize advanced schools and individuals in labor education.